ITR-1 (Sahaj) is for salaried resident Indians with total income up to ₹50 lakh from salary, up to two house properties, and interest – while ITR-2 is required if you have capital gains, foreign income, more than two properties, or hold unlisted shares – and ITR-4 (Sugam) is for freelancers and small businesses under the presumptive taxation scheme.
The ITR filing deadline for FY 2025-26 (AY 2026-27) is 31 July 2026 for most salaried individuals. Picking the wrong form is not a minor issue: a return filed in the wrong ITR can be treated as defective. Here is how to choose correctly.
Quick Decision Table
| Your situation | Correct ITR form |
| Salaried, total income under ₹50 lakh, no capital gains (or only LTCG from equity MF up to ₹1.25 lakh with no losses) | ITR-1 |
| Salaried, total income under ₹50 lakh, up to two house properties | ITR-1 |
| Salaried but income above ₹50 lakh | ITR-2 |
| Short-term capital gains on shares or mutual funds | ITR-2 |
| LTCG from equity MF/shares above ₹1.25 lakh | ITR-2 |
| Capital gains on property, gold, or debt funds (any amount) | ITR-2 |
| Capital losses to carry forward | ITR-2 |
| Foreign income or foreign assets | ITR-2 |
| Three or more house properties | ITR-2 |
| Director of a company | ITR-2 |
| Holds unlisted equity shares | ITR-2 |
| Freelancer or self-employed, under presumptive taxation (44ADA), income up to ₹50 lakh | ITR-4 |
| Small business under 44AD, turnover up to ₹2 crore | ITR-4 |
| Freelancer with income above ₹50 lakh, or maintains full books of accounts | ITR-3 |
Section 1: ITR-1 (Sahaj) – The Simplest Form
ITR-1 is designed for resident individuals with straightforward income. If your finances fit neatly into the following categories, this is your form.
Who can file ITR-1?
You can file ITR-1 for AY 2026-27 if all of the following are true:
- You are a resident Indian (not an NRI, not Resident but Not Ordinarily Resident)
- Your total income does not exceed ₹50 lakh for the year
- Your income comes from one or more of: salary or pension, income from up to two house properties (loss from house property allowed), interest income (savings, FD, RD, post office), or other sources (dividend income, income from family pension)
- Any Long-Term Capital Gains (LTCG) under Section 112A (from listed equity shares or equity-oriented mutual funds) are up to ₹1.25 lakh with no capital losses to carry forward
Two important AY 2026-27 changes to note for ITR-1:
- Two house properties are now allowed: As per the CBDT notification dated 30 March 2026, ITR-1 now permits up to two house properties. Earlier, having more than one house property pushed you into ITR-2. This is a meaningful expansion for people who own a second property.
- Small LTCG from equity is now allowed: If your only capital gains are LTCG from listed equity shares or equity mutual funds under Section 112A, and they do not exceed ₹1.25 lakh, and you have no capital losses to carry forward, you can stay on ITR-1. This change was first introduced for AY 2025-26 and continues for AY 2026-27.
Who cannot file ITR-1?
Move to ITR-2 (or ITR-3/ITR-4 for business income) if any of these apply:
- Total income exceeds ₹50 lakh
- You have any short-term capital gains
- You have LTCG above ₹1.25 lakh, or LTCG from property, gold, debt mutual funds, or other non-equity assets
- You have capital losses to carry forward
- You have foreign income or hold foreign assets
- You hold three or more house properties
- You are a director of a company
- You hold unlisted equity shares
- You are an NRI or RNOR
- Agricultural income exceeds ₹5,000
Section 2: ITR-2 – For More Complex Financial Profiles
ITR-2 covers individual taxpayers and HUFs whose income is more complex than ITR-1 handles, but who do not run a business or profession with regular books of accounts.
Who should file ITR-2?
File ITR-2 for AY 2026-27 if any of the following are true:
- Capital gains of any type: Short-term capital gains on shares or mutual funds (Section 111A), LTCG from equity above ₹1.25 lakh (Section 112A), capital gains from sale of property, gold, debt mutual funds, or unlisted shares (Section 112), or any capital losses you want to carry forward to future years
- Total income above ₹50 lakh: Even if income is only from salary and interest
- Foreign income or foreign assets: Income earned abroad, or any foreign bank account, foreign investment, or foreign property – all require ITR-2 and Schedule FA (Foreign Assets) and Schedule FSI (Foreign Source Income). For more on how foreign income is reported and how to claim credit for taxes paid abroad, see our guide on Form 16A explained
- Three or more house properties: Two properties is now allowed in ITR-1, but three or more require ITR-2
- Director of a company: Even if you are a non-executive director with no other business income
- Holds unlisted equity shares: Shares of companies not listed on any recognised stock exchange
- NRI or RNOR status
ITR-2 has separate schedules for each type of capital gain (pre and post 23 July 2024, since rates changed mid FY 2024-25), foreign income, house property income, and more. It is more detailed than ITR-1 but fully manageable on the e-filing portal for most people.
Section 3: ITR-4 (Sugam) – For Freelancers and Small Businesses Under Presumptive Taxation
ITR-4 is designed for individuals, HUFs, and firms (other than LLPs) who opt for the presumptive taxation scheme under:
- Section 44AD: Small businesses with annual turnover up to ₹2 crore, who declare income at 8% of turnover (6% for digital receipts)
- Section 44ADA: Self-employed professionals (doctors, lawyers, architects, designers, consultants, and others in notified professions) with gross receipts up to ₹50 lakh, who declare income at 50% of gross receipts
- Section 44AE: Goods carriage vehicle owners with up to 10 vehicles
The key benefit of presumptive taxation: no need to maintain detailed books of accounts. You declare income at the prescribed flat rate, and that income is accepted without requiring you to prove every expense.
Who can file ITR-4?
- You are an individual, HUF, or firm (not LLP)
- You are using presumptive taxation under 44AD, 44ADA, or 44AE
- Your total income does not exceed ₹50 lakh
- You also have income from salary, one or two house properties, or interest (same as ITR-1 conditions for those income heads)
- Any LTCG under Section 112A does not exceed ₹1.25 lakh and you have no capital losses
Who cannot file ITR-4?
Switch to ITR-3 if you:
- Have business or professional income but do not use presumptive taxation (you maintain full books)
- Have income exceeding ₹50 lakh
- Are a company director
- Hold unlisted equity shares
- Have capital losses to carry forward
- Are an NRI or RNOR
ITR-4 vs ITR-1 for freelancers
Many freelancers in India wonder whether to use ITR-1 or ITR-4. If your only income is from freelancing (no salary from an employer), you have professional income, not salary income. That means ITR-1 is not available to you. Freelancers with gross receipts up to ₹50 lakh who declare 50% as income under Section 44ADA use ITR-4.
Section 4: What Happens If You File the Wrong ITR Form?
Filing the wrong ITR form is not a minor clerical error. The consequences are real:
- The Income Tax Department can issue a defective return notice under Section 139(9), treating the wrongly-filed return as invalid. You are then given a period to rectify it.
- If you do not rectify it within the given period, the return may be treated as if it was never filed, exposing you to penalties under Section 234F (late filing fee of ₹5,000 for total income above ₹5 lakh, or ₹1,000 if income is below ₹5 lakh).
- If the wrong form results in under-reporting of income (for example, by using ITR-1 when you had capital gains that should have been reported in ITR-2), this could attract interest under Section 234B/234C and potentially a penalty for under-reporting.
- AIS (Annual Information Statement) cross-matching is now automated. If your AIS shows capital gains from a broker or mutual fund but your ITR-1 has no capital gains schedule, a mismatch notice is likely.
The fix is straightforward if caught early: file a revised return using the correct ITR form within 31 December 2026 (the deadline for revised returns for AY 2026-27).
The next step after picking your form is understanding how to fill it. For a complete walkthrough of the actual ITR filing process – from logging in to e-verification – see our guide on how to file your ITR online.
If you are also deciding between the old and new tax regime before filing, our old tax regime vs new tax regime comparison can help you run the numbers before you choose.
Frequently Asked Questions
1. Can I switch from ITR-1 to ITR-2 after filing?
Yes. If you realise after filing that you used the wrong form, you can file a revised return within 31 December 2026 using the correct ITR form. Make sure to file the revised return with the right form before this deadline to avoid a defective return notice and related penalties.
2. If I sold mutual funds in FY 2025-26, can I still file ITR-1?
It depends on the type of gain. If your only capital gain is LTCG from equity-oriented mutual funds under Section 112A, it does not exceed ₹1.25 lakh, and you have no capital losses to carry forward, you can file ITR-1. However, if you have short-term capital gains (from mutual funds held under 12 months), LTCG above ₹1.25 lakh, gains from debt mutual funds, or any capital losses, you must use ITR-2. Check your capital gains statement from CAMS or KFintech before deciding.
3. What is the penalty for filing the wrong ITR form?
The Income Tax Department can treat a return filed on the wrong form as a defective return under Section 139(9), which is effectively treated as not filed until corrected. This can trigger a late filing fee under Section 234F (₹5,000 if total income exceeds ₹5 lakh) and interest under Sections 234A, 234B, and 234C on any tax due. Always confirm your ITR form before submitting.
4. I have a salaried job but also earned money from freelancing on the side. Which ITR form should I use?
You cannot use ITR-1 or ITR-2 if you have any income from business or profession, even a small amount from freelancing. If your freelance receipts are up to ₹50 lakh and you declare 50% as income under the presumptive scheme (Section 44ADA), use ITR-4. If your freelance income is above ₹50 lakh, or you maintain full books of accounts and do not use presumptive taxation, use ITR-3. ITR-3 handles a combination of salary income and business or professional income.
5. I am a pensioner. Which ITR form should I use?
Pension is treated as salary for income tax purposes. If your only income is pension, interest income, and income from up to two house properties, and your total income is below ₹50 lakh, you can file ITR-1. If you have capital gains, foreign income, or total income above ₹50 lakh, use ITR-2. Pensioners are not required to use any special form.
6. I received dividends from shares or mutual funds. Does that push me out of ITR-1?
No. Dividend income falls under “Income from Other Sources” and is fully reportable in ITR-1, provided your total income stays below ₹50 lakh and no other ITR-1 disqualifier applies. Dividends are taxable at your slab rate (since the DDT system was abolished from FY 2020-21), so report the full amount received. Your AIS will already show the dividend credit, so make sure your ITR matches.
7. I have a home loan. Does that mean I have to file ITR-2?
Not necessarily. A home loan by itself does not change your ITR form. If you are claiming home loan interest deduction under Section 24(b) for a self-occupied property, that falls under “Income from House Property” and is reportable in ITR-1 (for up to two properties). You move to ITR-2 only if you have a third property, capital gains, foreign income, or total income above ₹50 lakh. A home loan alone is not a reason to move to ITR-2.
8. Can I file ITR-4 if I also have salary income?
Yes. ITR-4 can include salary or pension income alongside presumptive business or professional income, as long as total income does not exceed ₹50 lakh. If you are salaried and also earn freelance income declared under Section 44ADA (up to ₹50 lakh gross receipts), ITR-4 is the right form. If your combined income exceeds ₹50 lakh, switch to ITR-3.
9. My income is below the tax-free limit. Do I still need to file an ITR at all?
You are not legally required to file an ITR if your total income before deductions falls below the basic exemption limit (₹2,50,000 for individuals below 60, ₹3,00,000 for senior citizens, ₹5,00,000 for super senior citizens aged 80+). However, filing is mandatory regardless of income if you have foreign assets, are a company director, deposited above ₹1 crore in bank accounts, spent above ₹2 lakh on foreign travel, paid electricity bills above ₹1 lakh, or have TDS deducted and want a refund. Even if not mandatory, filing voluntarily creates a paper trail useful for loan applications and visa processing.
10. I have agricultural income. Can I still file ITR-1?
Yes, but only if your agricultural income does not exceed ₹5,000 in the financial year. If your agricultural income is above ₹5,000, you must file ITR-2, not ITR-1. If you also have business income from agriculture-related activity, the form depends on the specific nature of the income.
Sources: CBDT Notification No. 24/2026 dated 30 March 2026: Income Tax Return Forms for AY 2026-27 (ITR-1 to ITR-6); Income Tax Department: ITR Filing – AY 2026-27; ClearTax: Which ITR Form to File AY 2026-27; 1Finance: ITR-1 vs ITR-2 vs ITR-3 vs ITR-4 for AY 2026-27.
This article is for general information only and does not constitute tax advice. If your income situation is complex, consult a Chartered Accountant before filing.
